Endnotes for Great Powers, Chapter Eight
Friday, February 13, 2009 at 3:57AM Chapter 8. The Strategic Realignment: Resurrecting the Progressive Agenda
The Undeniable Trajectory: The Devil We Knew
352. Cultural critic Susan Faludi's 2007 book . . . too Oprah-ish, too emasculated.
See Susan Faludi, The Terror Dream: Fear and Fantasy in Post-9/11 America (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2007), pp. 1-88 and 116-64.
353. In his polemic The Enemy at Home . . . attacks from Islamic fundamentalists.
Dinesh D'Souza, The Enemy at Home: The Cultural Left and Its Responsibility for 9/11 (New York: Doubleday, 2007).
353. Delving deeper into the American psyche . . . hostage-taking "savages," is no myth.
See Faludi, The Terror Dream, pp. 199-216 and 241-86.
354. But when you read Faludi's . . . die in combat while serving in the U.S. military.
Faludi, The Terror Dream, pp. 165-95.
354. As Faludi concedes, much of this retraditionalization . . . irony were greatly exaggerated.
Faludi, The Terror Dream, pp. 142-64 and 287-96.
354. Within five years, we had processed . . . the CW network's Aliens in America.
See Christopher Mason, "Little Sensitivity Lesson on the Prairie: A Canadian Sitcom Pokes Fun at Muslim Stereotypes," New York Times, January 16, 2007; and Bill Keveney, "Aliens Shows Its Serious Side: Muslim Character Seen as Positive Influence," USA Today, October 1, 2007.
355. As always, given our uniquely synthetic . . . such religions as "children of Abraham."
See Prothero, Religious Literacy, p. 155.
355. The attacks of 9/11 were a classic case of "chosen trauma" . . . these events.
On this concept, my thanks to Richard Landes, Boston University.
356. We "contaminate" the Arab world . . . while the locals assume infinite time.
On this subject, see director Ric Burns's fantastic documentary, The Way West: How the West Was Lost & Won, 1845-1893 (1995), and Margaret Walsh, The American West: Visions and Revisions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
356. Just as in our wars of today, America's . . . seventh-century pre-economic paradise.
See Yenne, Indian Wars, pp. 109-299.
The American System Perturbed: Katrina and the Gore Counternarrative
357. If they had, as General David Petraeus told me . . . completely sealed their pessimism.
December 8, 2005, interview for Barnett, "Monks of War."
358. According to former General Electric CEO Jack Welch . . . push to fix real problems.
Jack Welch, "The Five Stages of Crisis-Management: After Katrina--and a Hurricane of Debate--a Well-Worn Pattern Emerges," Wall Street Journal, September 14, 2005.
358. Over 1,800 people had been killed . . . government donations from all over the world.
See Blaine Harden and Shankar Vedantam, "Many Displaced by Katrina Turn to Relatives for Shelter," Washington Post, September 8, 2005; Savage, Takeover, pp. 262-63, and 317-18; and Rick Jervis, "New Orleans May Have Hit a Plateau," USA Today, August 4, 2008.
359. Mexican troops, providing emergency aid . . . for the first time since 1846.
See "Mexican Troops Aid Katrina Efforts," Associated Press, September 8, 2005.
359. Wal-Mart's network prowess was . . . demand for recovery would be substantial.
See Colby Bosh, "In Wal-Mart We Trust," National Post, March 28, 2008; and Del Jones, "Next Time: Companies Are Pleased with Their Responses to Hurricane Katrina, but the Disaster Has Some Re-examining Their Plans," USA Today, Octo-ber 4, 2005.
359. Erik Prince's Blackwater . . . services aimed at domestic disaster operations.
June 2, 2006 interview with Erik Prince, Moyock, North Carolina.
359. But the aspect of Katrina . . . Diamond's bestselling book of the same name.
For Diamond's own postmortem, see Beata Mostafavi, "Pulitzer Prize-Winning Author, Jared Diamond, Has Warning for America During His Speech at Mott Community College in Flint," Flint Journal, April 18, 2008.
360. Enter Al Gore, the perfect vessel . . . to President Bush's "global war on terror."
See Al Gore, An Inconvenient Truth (New York: Rodale Books, 2006).
361. As part of this project on globalization's future . . . arising from Asia's rapid development.
Find the planning document and results of this exercise on my website: www.thomaspmbarnett.com/projects/newrulesset/nrs_index.html
362. Three years later, Danish economist Bj√∏rn Lomborg . . . Nobel Prize-winning experts.
See Bj√∏rn Lomborg, editor, Global Crises, Global Solutions (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004), pp. 1-9.
362. Lomborg later repeated the exercise . . . youth representatives from across the planet.
See Bj√∏rn Lomborg, Cool It: The Skeptical Environmentalist's Guide to Global Warming (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007), pp. 44-46.
363. I would love to see humanity focus . . . Gap "colonialists"--the Chinese.
My thanks to Matthew Garcia, NASA, for the "blue revolution" concept. On the Chinese, see "The New Colonialists: China's Hunger for Natural Resources Is Causing More Problems at Home Than Abroad," The Economist, March 15, 2008.
364. As Lomborg argues . . . of life and the environment" for future generations.
Lomborg, Cool It, p. 9.
365. Human history . . . in hot climes than keep them warm in cold ones.
Lomborg, Cool It, pp. 13-19.
365. By 2100, average personal incomes . . . that equates to $27,000 today.
Lomborg, Cool It, pp. 47-48.
365. What we know from human history . . . you get per capita income above $3,000.
Barnett, Pentagon's New Map, p. 239.
365. We also know that as incomes rise . . . and move toward political pluralism.
See Yale University's Environmental Performance Index, found online at epi.yale.edu/Home.
365. Indeed, as Fareed Zakaria argues, democracies . . . slide back toward authoritarianism.
Zakaria, Future of Freedom, p. 70.
365. Sadly, the only sheer limit we can cite . . . seems to top out at roughly $20,000 per capita.
Gregory Clark, A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007), p. 375.
365. Major urban areas, as Lomborg notes . . . still die from the cold than from the heat!
Lomborg, Cool It, pp. 20-21.
365. Whether you're talking rising sea levels . . . "CO2 knob" down as far as possible.
Lomborg, Cool It, p. 41.
366. Lomborg sums up . . . with climate policies and a lot more with social policies."
Lomborg, Cool It, p. 113.
366. My favorite recent example was the horrors of Darfur . . . blamed on global warming.
See Ban Ki Moon (United Nations Secretary-General), "A Climate Culprit in Darfur," Washington Post, June 16, 2007.
The New Rules: From "United We Stand" to Demographic Demagoguery
370. By 2025, rapidly aging Europe . . . the United States and its historical Western allies."
See Nicholas Eberstadt, "America the Fertile," Washington Post, May 6, 2007.
370. Between them, China and India have placed . . . well connected politically.
See Chanda, Bound Together, p. 169.
371. Europe's challenge is to facilitate . . . ran for parliamentary seats in record numbers.
See Molly Moore, "New French Political Cry: Liberté, Egalité, Diversité: Minorities Run for Parliament in Record Numbers," Washington Post, June 10, 2007.
371. For every frightened pundit (see Mark Steyn's . . . and southward in coming decades.
See Mark Steyn, America Alone: The End of the World as We Know It (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2006); and Khanna, Second World, pp. 3-9, 36-46, and 60-61.
371. Some will argue that Europe . . . hardly the end of the world as we know it.
See Elisabeth Rosenthal, "European Union's Plunging Birthrates Spread Eastward," New York Times, September 4, 2006.
371. In fact, Spain's recent "open border" . . . globalization's stagnant backwaters.
See "Spain: Immigrants Welcome; How Spain's Open-Border Policy Is Driving an Economic and Social Revival," BusinessWeek, May 21, 2007.
372. Between 1978 and 2002 . . . for every decade they remained in the country.
See "French Lessons: How to Create a Muslim Underclass," Wall Street Journal, November 11, 2005.
372. The same financial . . . home buyers in America over the next two decades.
See Haya El Nasser, "Analysis Finds Boom in Hispanics' Home Buying: Low Interest Rates, Flexible Loan Rules Contribute to Spike," USA Today, May 11, 2006.
372. Only 40 percent of Mexican immigrants . . . Hispanics do the same.
See "Of Meat, Mexicans and Social Mobility: Among the Very Poor, the American Dream Is Alive and Well," The Economist, June 17, 2006; and Linda Chavez, "The Great Assimilation Machine," Wall Street Journal, June 5, 2007.
373. Immigrant Latinos open new businesses at a rate three times the national norm.
"Of Meat, Mexicans and Social Mobility," The Economist.
373. They're also replenishing the ranks . . . economy's skyrocketing demand for food.
See Frederick Kunkle, "The Changing Face of Farm Labor: Frederick Dairy Reflects Growing Importance of Latino Immigrants," Washington Post, September 15, 2005.
373. If you're a Boomer heading . . . same schooling as their white counterparts.
See Miriam Jordan, "Boomers' Good Life Tied to Better Life for Immigrants," Wall Street Journal, May 7, 2007.
373. Hell, if serving in our military gets you . . . equally utilitarian golden ticket.
See Thomas L. Friedman, "Laughing and Crying," New York Times, May 23, 2007.
373. As Michael Barone points out . . . the flow diminished spectacularly.
Michael Barone, "The Newest Americans," Wall Street Journal, April 11, 2006.
374. So the answer isn't building a bigger wall . . . Berlin Wall across its entire history.
See Chanda, Bound Together, p. 213.
The New Normal: Apocalypse Soon
377. A good example is the theory of "peak oil."
The article that started it all is M. K. Hubbert, "Nuclear Energy and the Fossil Fuels," presented before the Spring Meeting of the Southern District, American Petroleum Institute, Plaza Hotel, San Antonio, Texas, March 7-9, 1956.
378. Cambridge Energy Research Associates . . . requirements notwithstanding.
See Cambridge Energy Resource Associates, "Why the 'Peak Oil' Theory Falls Down--Myths, Legends, and the Future of Oil Resources," November 10, 2006, found online at cera.ecnext.com/coms2/summary_0236-821_ITM.
378. Probably the strongest recent . . . America"--italics and exclamation points included!
Friedman, Hot, Flat, and Crowded, p. 9.
380. At the Cold War's end, Asia . . . global demand center, dislodging North America.
See data from the U.S. Department of Energy's International Energy Outlook 2006 report (the 2007 report did not include a chart on global oil trade), found online at www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/archive/ieo06/pdf/tbl4.pdf.
380. Indonesia became a net importer . . . oil company to foreign direct investment.
See Peter Millard and David Luhnow, "Crunch Time for Mexican Oil: Political Will Lacking for Production Overhaul as Output Tumbles," Wall Street Journal, February 15, 2008.
380. His latest scheme involves Venezuela's . . . import foodstuffs currently in short supply.
See Simon Romero, "Venezuela's Gas Prices Remain Low, but the Political Costs May Be Rising," Wall Street Journal, October 30, 2007.
380. Because the NOCs own roughly 90 percent . . . to finance these on their own.
See Guy Chazan and Russell Gold, "Big Oil's Not-So-Big Growth Plans: With New Reserves Harder to Snag, Western Firms Could Opt for Smaller Role," Wall Street Journal, January 31, 2008.
381. When Chevron . . . went from 65,000 barrels a day to over 200,000.
Jad Mouawad, "Oil Innovations Pump New Life into Old Wells," New York Times, March 5, 2008.
382. Simply put, it's hard to imagine Asia quadrupling . . . even if it could import enough oil.
See Gordon Fairclough and Shai Oster, "As China's Auto Market Booms, Leaders Clash over Heavy Toll: Vehicles Foul Air, Jam Streets but Plump Local Coffers; Restrictions Remain Few," Wall Street Journal, June 13, 2006.
382. The world took over a century to field its first billion cars . . . existing oil fields.
Iain Carson and Vijay V. Vaitheeswaran, Zoom: The Global Race to Fuel the Car of the Future (New York: Twelve, 2007), p. 197.
382. Other experts take a more optimistic tack . . . fuel-cell ultralights (got that?).
Amory Lovins et al., Winning the Oil Endgame: Innovation for Profits, Jobs, and Security (Snowmass, CO: Rocky Mountain Institute, 2007), p. 241.
382. As automotive visionary . . . oil use is inevitable; the only question is how fast."
Lovins et al., Winning the Oil Endgame, p. 228.
383. Lovins notes that most shifts "down" . . . but hardly disappearing altogether.
Lovins et al., Winning the Oil Endgame, p. 229.
383. Lovins thinks it will happen in roughly half that time, or by 2030.
Lovins et al., Winning the Oil Endgame, p. 229.
383. As noted Chinese expert Elizabeth Economy . . . the biodiversity of the country."
Elizabeth C. Economy, The River Runs Black: The Environmental Challenge to China's Future (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004), p. 28.
384. As it is, the Chinese Communist Party . . . focused on protecting the environment.
Economy, River Runs Black, p. 130.
384. In general, Economy finds . . . so long as access to new technology is facilitated.
Economy, River Runs Black, p. 16.
385. Already, we can see a serious "green awakening" . . . seniormost leadership.
See "Visions of Ecopolis: China Has Ambitious Plans to Build a Model 'Eco-City' Near Shanghai. How Green Will It Be?" The Economist, September 23, 2006; Jane Spencer, "How Weak Pollution Controls May Be Causing a Drag on China's Economic Growth," Wall Street Journal, October 2, 2006; Ariana Eunjung Cha, "In China, a Green Awakening: City Clamps Down on the Polluting Factories That Built Its Economy," Washington Post, October 6, 2007; and Jen Phillips, "China's Green Movement," Mother Jones, December 11, 2007.
385. As a recent World Bank study pointed out . . . the least amount of corruption.
See David Dollar, "China's Golden Cities," Newsweek, July 10, 2006.
385. When the first oil shocks struck in the 1970s . . . was not surpassed until 1989.
See the chart, Lovins et al., Winning the Oil Endgame, p. 15.
386. Lovins himself likes to point out . . . moving the car's occupants forward.
Cited in Carson and Vaitheeswaran, Zoom, p. 37.
The Global Accelerant: The Greatest Awakening
387. Worse, abundance allows for "chosen families" . . . iron logic of "given families."
See Dough Muder, "Red Family, Blue Family," February 2005, found online at www.gurus.com/dougdeb/politics/209.html.
390. Religion, at its core . . . to the needs of the people in their time.
For a fascinating exploration of this function in early Christianity, see Daniel H. Abbott, Revolutionary Strategies in Early Christianity (Ann Arbor, MI: Nimble Books LLC, 2008).
391. America's Second Great Awakening . . . revivalism with those of republicanism."
Prothero, Religious Literacy, pp. 89-90.
391. By that, Prothero means that evangelical . . . influx of the Roman Catholic Irish).
Prothero, Religious Literacy, p. 70.
391. This is the essential compromise . . . and Jesus the Messiah, respectively).
See Mark Lilla, The Stillborn God: Religion, Politics and the Modern West (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007), p. 30.
391. In this sense, Prothero argues . . . supremacy and granting all freedom of operation.
Prothero, Religious Literacy, p. 25.
392. A good New Core country . . . and increasingly from the Gap to the Core.
See Kevin Sullivan, "Foreign Missionaries Find Fertile Ground in Europe: Singaporean Pastor Fires Up Staid Danes," Washington Post, June 11, 2007; and Leslie Hook, "Further Fervor: Missionaries Go from East to West," Wall Street Journal, August 3, 2007.
395. As French Islamic expert Olivier Roy . . . within globalization as a whole.
Olivier Roy (translated by George Holoch), Secularism Confronts Islam (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), pp. vii-xiii and 73-77.
395. Again, America represents the leading edge . . . same faith his entire life--to date).
See Michelle Boorsteing and Jacqueline L. Salmon, "In Major Poll, U.S. Religious Identity Appears Very Slippery," Washington Post, February 26, 2008.
396. According to Roy, it is . . . and (5) highly communitarian by choice instead of heritage.
Roy, Secularism Confronts Islam, p. 69.
The Inescapable Realignment: Resurrecting the Progressive Agenda
397. By doing so, America has made possible . . . for the first time in human history.
See Clark, Farewell to Alms, pp. 1-16.
398. But here's the trick: As long as man stayed Malthusian . . . A Farewell to Alms.
Clark, Farewell to Alms, pp. 19-39.
398. By 2020, the global middle class should . . . (a tenfold increase in a generation's time).
See Naim, "Can the World Afford a Middle Class?"
400. In that process of network . . . wrung out of the system.
In many ways, this is the "green revolution" that Thomas Friedman now craves for the United States in its global leadership role in this worldwide era of frontier integration; see his Hot, Flat, and Crowded, pp. 170-99.
The consumption shift
400. Right now the advanced Old Core West . . . 32 times higher than the rest of the world.
See Jared Diamond, "What's Your Consumption Factor?" New York Times, Janu-ary 2, 2007.
400. As Jared Diamond . . . "living standards are not tightly coupled to consumption rates."
Diamond, "What's Your Consumption Factor?"
401. So, as Jeffrey Sachs argues . . . a condition he dubs "globalization without trust."
Sachs, Common Wealth, p. 7.
The food and water shift
401. Here's the lay of the land when it comes . . . sub-Saharan Africa at 17, and Europe at 12.
See Anthony Faiola, "The Economics of Hunger: A Brutal Convergence of Events Has Hit an Unprepared Global Market," Washington Post, April 27, 2008.
401. The Middle East imports just over three-quarters . . . imports half that percentage.
See Anthony Faiola, "In Mauritania, Every Meal Becomes a Sacrifice," Washington Post, April 28, 2008.
402. Basically, the tech-rich regions that are net . . . will do decidedly worse--save Europe.
See Lomborg, Cool It (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007), pp. 103-5.
402. This is why farmers in the Dakotas . . . advanced agricultural system.
See John W. Miller, "In Ukraine, Mavericks Gamble on Scarce Land," Wall Street Journal, May 12, 2008, and Andrew E. Kramer, "Russia's Lazy Collective Farms Are a Hot Capitalist Property," New York Times, August 31, 2008.
402. It is also why the Chinese government . . . foreign lands with nobody noticing.
See Jamil Anderlini, "Beijing Looks at Foreign Fields in Push to Guarantee Food
Supplies: China Losing Its Ability to Be Self-Sufficient," Financial Times, May 9, 2008; and Meena Janardhan, "Gulf Eyes Oil-for-Food Pacts," Asian Times, June 20, 2008.
402. Good luck with that transparent strategy . . . can rise to as high as four-fifths.
See Faiola, "Economics of Hunger" and "Every Meal Becomes a Sacrifice."
402. Today, only a small fraction of worldwide . . . 7 percent of rice and 12 percent of corn.
See Faiola, "Economics of Hunger."
The transportation shift
403. As Iain Carson and Vijay V. Vaitheeswaran . . . threshold of economic pain has lowered.
Carson and Vaitheeswaran, Zoom, pp. 1 and 10.
403. Because China will soon become . . . to make Asia their future global center of R&D.
See Gordon Fairclough, "Bill Ford Jr.: For Auto Makers, China Is the New Frontier," Wall Street Journal, October 27, 2006; Keith Bradsher, "China's Automakers, With Beijing's Prodding, Show Alternative-Fuel Cars: An Unexpected Array of Hybrids as Well as Hydrogen Power," New York Times, April 21, 2007; Amy Chozick, "Japan's Auto Giants Steer Toward China: Toyota, Nissan, Honda Refocus Their Efforts as U.S. Demand Slows," Wall Street Journal, May 16, 2007; Fairclough, "China Is Becoming Chrysler's Test Track for Growth," Wall Street Journal, August 20, 2007; and Rebecca Blumenstein, "GM to Invest in Green Technology in China: Move Shows How Important Nation Is to the Auto Industry," Wall Street Journal, Octo-ber 30, 2007.
The energy shift
404. So one of the key items . . . generation of electricity across the planet.
For a nonideological take on nuclear power's future promise, see Gwyneth Cravens, Power to Save the World: The Truth About Nuclear Energy (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007).
The communications shift
405. The first billion users of Internet and wireless . . . New Core and Gap markets.
On this, see Michael S. Malone, "Taking On the World," Wall Street Journal, April 5-6, 2008.
405. The key goal for America . . . lot of people will be able to live and work anywhere.
On this, see Andreas Kluth, "Nomads: A Special Report on Mobile Telecoms," The Economist, April 12, 2008.
The urbanization shift
406. The planet as a whole has just reached . . . vast majority of the world's network traffic.
On this, see Amy Meyers Jaffe, "The Coastal-Cities Phenomenon," Esquire, Octo-ber 2006.
The feminization shift
407. This emerging market trend . . . in advanced economies.
Chart: "Balancing the Scales of Justice: More Women Are Attending U.S. Law Schools," USA Today, June 27, 2008.
The health shift
408. This could be a source of great political . . . they nor their governments can afford."
Robert J. Shapiro, Futurecast: How Superpowers, Populations, and Globalization Will Change the Way You Live and Work (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2008), pp. 247-66.
The market shift
409. They see four strategies as paramount . . . in natural resources ("natural capital").
See Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins, and L. Hunter Lovins, Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution (Boston: Little, Brown, 1999), pp. 1-21.
The governance shift
409. The political scientist Francis Fukuyama divides . . . the strength of their power.
Francis Fukuyama, State-Building: Governance and World Order in the 21st Century (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004), pp. 15-16.
410. The new emerging consensus . . . overall culture of respect for legality.
See "Order in the Jungle: The Rule of Law Has Become a Big Idea in Economics. But It Has Had Its Difficulties," The Economist, March 15, 2008.
410. One crucial caveat here . . . to influence this global debate is slowly diminishing.
See Adam Liptak, "U.S. Court, a Longtime Beacon, Is Now Guiding Fewer Nations," New York Times, September 18, 2008.
The Better Normal: The Great Compromise
414. If you accept this minimal rule set . . . in defense of these proposed global rules.
My thanks to Jerome E. Barnett for this concept.
414. In sum, we won't use force unless . . . employment--as in, every round fired.
For an example of what this must ultimately resemble down the road, see Al Baker, "11 Years of Police Gunfire, in Painstaking Detail," New York Times, May 8, 2008.
Reader Comments (2)
Loved your TED talk!